System shock 2 midwife tits12/17/2023 ![]() Modern technology, advanced medical techniques and evidence-based practice contribute to reduced rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality in resource rich countries. Newborns are at risk of hypothermia irrespective of their nationality, sex and gestation. Hypothermia is considered to be a major contributing factor to neonatal morbidity and, in extreme cases, mortality ( Kumar et al, 2009). The paper will also review the interventions, which may be adopted to prevent hypothermia occurring and to identify and intervene to reduce the impact of hypothermia including the effect of skin-to-skin contact as both a preventative and management strategy in neonatal hypothermia. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the factors contributing to neonatal hypothermia including the physiology of thermoregulation, mechanisms of thermogenesis and heat loss, and the effects that neonatal hypothermia has on the newborn infant. Babies delivered by caesarean section are at particular risk of developing hypothermia. Neonatal hypothermia is a potentially common and dangerous occurrence related to a number of risk factors categorised as environmental, physiological, behavioural and socioeconomic. According to the World Health Organization ( WHO, 1997) a newborn is normothermic when its body temperature is between 36.5☌ and 37.5☌ with hypothermia considered to be any temperature below this identified spectrum.
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